Brewer J.C. Jacobsen established the Carlsberg Laboratory together with the Carlsberg Foundation in 1876. The Carlsberg Laboratory was organized in two departments (Chemistry and Physiology), each with its own professor and as stipulated by the founder the principal task is to develop as complete a scientific basis as possible for malting, brewing, and fermenting operations. In 2004 the two departments were merged into a combined Carlsberg Laboratory with focus on four research areas headed by professors.